conda create --name flask_env python=3.7
## 確認
conda env list

(base) % conda activate flask_env

(flask_env) % 

(flask_env) % conda deactivate
(base) %

(base) % conda activate flask_env
(flask_env) % pip install flask==2.2.5

xcode-select --install

% cd
% mkdir work_flask
% cd work_flask

(base) h% conda activate flask_env
(flask_env)  % 

from flask import Flask

# ====================================
# Create a new Flask instance
# ====================================
app = Flask(__name__)

# ====================================
# Define a route
# ====================================
@app.route('/')
def hello():
    return 'Hello, World!'

(flask_env) work_flask % cd hello-sample 
(flask_env) hello-sample % flask --app app run
 * Serving Flask app 'app'
 * Debug mode: off
WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production deployment. Use a production WSGI server instead.
 * Running on http://127.0.0.1:5000
Press CTRL+C to quit
127.0.0.1 - - [30/Jul/2024 20:21:03] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
127.0.0.1 - - [30/Jul/2024 20:21:03] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 -

#!/usr/local/bin/python3.7
import cgitb
cgitb.enable()
import sys
import os

sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'dependencies/flask-2.2.5/src'))
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'dependencies/werkzeug-2.2.3/src'))
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'dependencies/jinja-3.1.4/src'))
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'dependencies/click-8.1.7/src'))
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'dependencies/importlib_metadata-6.7.0/'))
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'dependencies/markupsafe-2.1.5/src'))
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'dependencies/itsdangerous-2.1.2/src'))
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'dependencies/typing_extensions-4.7.1/src'))
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'dependencies/zipp-3.15.0/'))

from wsgiref.handlers import CGIHandler
from app import app
CGIHandler().run(app)

from flask import Flask

# ====================================
# Create a new Flask instance
# ====================================
app = Flask(__name__)

# ====================================
# Define a route
# ====================================
@app.route('/')
def hello():
    return 'Hello, World!'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

Options +ExecCGI
AddHandler cgi-script .cgi
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /hello-sample/index.cgi/$1 [QSA,L]

def my_decorator(func):
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        print("Something is happening before the function is called.")
        result = func(*args, **kwargs)
        print("Something is happening after the function is called.")
        return result
    return wrapper

@my_decorator
def say_hello():
    print("Hello!")

say_hello()

import time

def timer(func):
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        start_time = time.time()
        result = func(*args, **kwargs)
        end_time = time.time()
        print(f"{func.__name__} took {end_time - start_time} seconds to execute.")
        return result
    return wrapper

@timer
def long_running_function():
    time.sleep(2)
    print("Finished long running function.")

long_running_function()

def decorator1(func):
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        print("Decorator 1")
        return func(*args, **kwargs)
    return wrapper

def decorator2(func):
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        print("Decorator 2")
        return func(*args, **kwargs)
    return wrapper

@decorator1
@decorator2
def greet():
    print("Hello, World!")

greet()

Decorator 1
Decorator 2
Hello, World!

from flask import Flask

# ====================================
# Create a new Flask instance
# ====================================
app = Flask(__name__)

# ====================================
# Define a route
# ====================================
@app.route('/')
def hello():
    return '<H1>Top page</H1>'

@app.route('/list')
def item_list():
    return '<H1>Item list</H1>'

@app.route('/detail')
def item_detail():
    return '<H1>Item detail</H1>'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

@app.route('/hello/<name>')
def hello_name(name):
    return f'Hello, {name}!'

@app.route('/user/<int:user_id>')
def show_user(user_id):
    return f'User ID is {user_id}'

from flask import Flask, render_template

# ====================================
# Create a new Flask instance
# ====================================
app = Flask(__name__)

# ====================================
# Define a route
# ====================================

# Top page
@app.route('/')
def index():
    return render_template('top.html')

# Item list
@app.route('/list')
def item_list():
    return render_template('list.html')

# Item detail
@app.route('/detail')
def item_detail():
    return render_template('detail.html')

# ====================================
# Run the app
# ====================================
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

<!-- templates/base.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="ja">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>{% block title %}{% endblock %}</title>
</head>
<body>
    <header>
        <h1>My Website</h1>
        <nav>
            <ul>
                <li><a href="/">Home</a></li>
                <li><a href="/list">List</a></li>
                <li><a href="/detail">Detail</a></li>
            </ul>
        </nav>
    </header>
    <main>
        {% block content %}{% endblock %}
    </main>
    <footer>
        <p>© 2024 My Website</p>
    </footer>
</body>
</html>

<!-- templates/top.html -->
{% extends "base.html" %}

{% block title %}TOP{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
<h2>Welcome to the TOP page</h2>
<p>This is the top page of my website.</p>
{% endblock %}

<!-- templates/list.html -->
{% extends "base.html" %}

{% block title %}Item List{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
<h2>Item List</h2>
<p>Here is a list of items.</p>
{% endblock %}

<!-- templates/detail.html -->
{% extends "base.html" %}

{% block title %}Item Detail{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
<h2>Item Detail</h2>
<p>Here is the detail of the item.</p>
{% endblock %}

from flask import Flask, render_template

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def index():
    return render_template('top.html')

@app.route('/list')
def item_list():
    return render_template('list.html')

@app.route('/detail')
def item_detail():
    return render_template('detail.html')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

from flask import Flask, url_for, render_template

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def index():
    return render_template('top.html')

@app.route('/list')
def item_list():
    return render_template('list.html')

@app.route('/detail')
def item_detail():
    return render_template('detail.html')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

<!-- templates/base.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="ja">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>{% block title %}{% endblock %}</title>
</head>
<body>
    <header>
        <h1>My Website</h1>
        <nav>
            <ul>
                <li><a href="{{ url_for('index') }}">Home</a></li>
                <li><a href="{{ url_for('item_list') }}">List</a></li>
                <li><a href="{{ url_for('item_detail') }}">Detail</a></li>
            </ul>
        </nav>
    </header>
    <main>
        {% block content %}{% endblock %}
    </main>
    <footer>
        <p>© 2024 My Website</p>
    </footer>
</body>
</html>

<!-- templates/user.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="ja">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>User Page</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>User Page</h1>
    {% if user %}
        <p>Welcome, {{ user.name }}!</p>
    {% elif guest %}
        <p>Welcome, guest! Please sign up.</p>
    {% else %}
        <p>Please log in.</p>
    {% endif %}
</body>
</html>

@app.route('/user')
def user_page():
    user = {'name': 'John Doe'}  # 例としてユーザー情報を渡す
    return render_template('user.html', user=user)

<!-- templates/items.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="ja">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>Item List</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Item List</h1>
    <ul>
    {% for item in items %}
        <li>{{ item.name }}: {{ item.price }}円</li>
    {% endfor %}
    </ul>
</body>
</html>

@app.route('/items')
def items_page():
    items = [
        {'name': 'Item 1', 'price': 100},
        {'name': 'Item 2', 'price': 200},
        {'name': 'Item 3', 'price': 300},
    ]
    return render_template('items.html', items=items)

<!-- templates/items.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="ja">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>Item List</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Item List</h1>
    {% if items %}
        <ul>
        {% for item in items %}
            <li>{{ item.name }}: {{ item.price }}円</li>
        {% endfor %}
        </ul>
    {% else %}
        <p>No items found.</p>
    {% endif %}
</body>
</html>

@app.route('/items')
def items_page():
    items = []  # 空のリストにして、"No items found." メッセージを表示させる
    return render_template('items.html', items=items)

from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.template_filter('reverse')
def reverse_filter(s):
    return s[::-1]

@app.route('/')
def index():
    return render_template('index.html', name="Flask")

<!-- templates/index.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="ja">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>Custom Filter Example</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Custom Filter Example</h1>
    <p>Original: {{ name }}</p>
    <p>Reversed: {{ name | reverse }}</p>
</body>
</html>

<h1>Custom Filter Example</h1>
<p>Original: Flask</p>
<p>Reversed: ksalF</p>

<!-- templates/example.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="ja">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>Filter Block Example</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Filter Block Example</h1>
    {% filter upper %}
    <p>This entire block of text will be converted to uppercase.</p>
    <p>Another line of text that will also be converted.</p>
    {% endfilter %}
</body>
</html>

<h1>Filter Block Example</h1>
<p>THIS ENTIRE BLOCK OF TEXT WILL BE CONVERTED TO UPPERCASE.</p>
<p>ANOTHER LINE OF TEXT THAT WILL ALSO BE CONVERTED.</p>

<!-- templates/example.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="ja">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>Filter Block Example</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Filter Block Example</h1>
    {% filter title %}
    <p>this entire block of text will be converted to title case.</p>
    <p>another line of text that will also be converted.</p>
    {% endfilter %}
</body>
</html>

<h1>Filter Block Example</h1>
<p>This Entire Block Of Text Will Be Converted To Title Case.</p>
<p>Another Line Of Text That Will Also Be Converted.</p>

from flask import Flask, render_template

app = Flask(__name__)

# ====================================
# Define the 404 error handler
# ====================================
@app.errorhandler(404)
def show_404_page(error):
    return render_template('404.html'), 404

# ====================================
# Define some routes
# ====================================
@app.route('/')
def home():
    return 'Welcome to the Home Page!'

@app.route('/about')
def about():
    return 'About Page'

# ====================================
# Run the app
# ====================================
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

<!-- templates/404.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="ja">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>404 Not Found</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>404 Not Found</h1>
    <p>Sorry, the page you are looking for does not exist.</p>
    <a href="{{ url_for('home') }}">Go to Home</a>
</body>
</html>

from flask import Flask, abort, render_template

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.errorhandler(403)
def forbidden(error):
    return render_template('403.html'), 403

@app.errorhandler(404)
def page_not_found(error):
    return render_template('404.html'), 404

@app.route('/secret')
def secret():
    abort(403)

@app.route('/item/<int:item_id>')
def get_item(item_id):
    if item_id != 1:
        abort(404)
    return f'Item {item_id}'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

<!-- templates/403.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="ja">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>403 Forbidden</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>403 Forbidden</h1>
    <p>Sorry, you don't have permission to access this page.</p>
    <a href="{{ url_for('home') }}">Go to Home</a>
</body>
</html>

<!-- templates/404.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="ja">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>404 Not Found</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>404 Not Found</h1>
    <p>Sorry, the page you are looking for does not exist.</p>
    <a href="{{ url_for('home') }}">Go to Home</a>
</body>
</html>

from flask import Flask, request

# ====================================
# Create a new Flask instance
# ====================================
app = Flask(__name__)

# ====================================
# Define a route
# ====================================
# Obtain Data from GET Request
@app.route('/get')
def do_get():
    name = request.args.get('name', 'no name')
    return f'Hello, {name}!'

# Obtain Data from POST Request
@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def do_post():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        name = request.form['name']
        return f'Hello, {name}!'
    else:
        return '''
            <h2>Send by POST method</h2>
            <form method="post">
                name: <input type="text" name="name">
                <input type="submit" value="送信">
            </form>
        '''

# ====================================
# Run the app
# ====================================
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

(flask_env) % pip install wtforms==3.0.1

(flask_env) % pip install email-validator==2.0.0.post2

# forms.py
from flask_wtf import FlaskForm
from wtforms import StringField, PasswordField, IntegerField, SubmitField, DateField, RadioField, SelectField, BooleanField, TextAreaField
from wtforms.validators import DataRequired, Email, EqualTo, NumberRange

class EntryForm(FlaskForm):
    name = StringField('Name', validators=[DataRequired()])
    age = IntegerField('Age', validators=[DataRequired(), NumberRange(min=0, max=120)])
    password = PasswordField('Password', validators=[DataRequired()])
    confirm_password = PasswordField('Confirm Password', validators=[DataRequired(), EqualTo('password')])
    email = StringField('Email', validators=[DataRequired(), Email()])
    birthday = DateField('Birthday', format='%Y-%m-%d')
    gender = RadioField('Gender', choices=[('M', 'Male'), ('F', 'Female')])
    area = SelectField('Area', choices=[('NA', 'North America'), ('EU', 'Europe'), ('AS', 'Asia')])
    is_married = BooleanField('Married')
    note = TextAreaField('Note')
    submit = SubmitField('Submit')

<!-- _formhelpers.html -->
{% macro render_field(field) %}
  <dt>{{ field.label }}
  <dd>{{ field(**kwargs)|safe }}
  {% if field.errors %}
      <ul style="color: red;">
        {% for error in field.errors %}
        <li>{{ error }}</li>
      {% endfor %}
      </ul>
    {% endif %}
    </dd>
  {% endmacro %}

from wtforms.validators import ValidationError

def contains_special_characters(form, field):
    if not any(char in field.data for char in '@#$%'):
        raise ValidationError('Field must contain one of the following characters: @, #, $, %')

class CustomForm(FlaskForm):
    name = StringField('Name', validators=[DataRequired(), contains_special_characters])
    submit = SubmitField('Submit')

# app.py
from flask import Flask, render_template, redirect, url_for
from forms import EntryForm

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'your_secret_key'

@app.route('/entry', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def entry():
    form = EntryForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        return redirect(url_for('result', form=form))
    return render_template('entry.html', form=form)

@app.route('/result')
def result(form):
    return render_template('result.html', form=form)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

{% extends "base.html" %}

{% block title %}
    <h1>WTForm: entry</h1>
{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
{% from "_formhelpers.html" import render_field %}
    <form method="POST" novalidate>
        {{ render_field(form.name) }}
        {{ render_field(form.age) }}
        {{ render_field(form.password) }}
        {{ render_field(form.confirm_password) }}
        {{ render_field(form.email) }}
        {{ render_field(form.birthday) }}
        {{ render_field(form.gender) }}
        {{ render_field(form.area) }}
        {{ render_field(form.is_married) }}
        {{ render_field(form.note) }}
        {{ form.submit() }}
    </form>
{% endblock %}

{% extends "base.html" %}

{% block title %}
    <h1>WTForm: result</h1>
{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
    <ul>
        <li>name: {{ form.name.data }}</li>
        <li>age: {{ form.age.data }}</li>
        <li>password: {{ form.password.data }}</li>
        <li>confirm_password: {{ form.confirm_password.data }}</li>
        <li>email: {{ form.email.data }}</li>
        <li>birthday: {{ form.birthday.data }}</li>
        <li>gender: {{ form.gender.data }}</li>
        <li>area: {{ form.area.data }}</li>
        <li>is_married: {{ form.is_married.data }}</li>
        <li>note: {{ form.note.data }}</li>
    </ul>
{% endblock %}

# forms.py
from flask_wtf import FlaskForm
from wtforms import StringField, PasswordField, SubmitField
from wtforms.validators import DataRequired, Email, EqualTo

class RegistrationForm(FlaskForm):
    username = StringField('Username', validators=[DataRequired()])
    email = StringField('Email', validators=[DataRequired(), Email()])
    password = PasswordField('Password', validators=[DataRequired()])
    confirm_password = PasswordField('Confirm Password', validators=[DataRequired(), EqualTo('password')])
    submit = SubmitField('Sign Up')

# app.py
from flask import Flask, render_template, redirect, url_for, flash
from forms import RegistrationForm

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'your_secret_key'

@app.route('/register', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def register():
    form = RegistrationForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        flash(f'Account created for {form.username.data}!', 'success')
        return redirect(url_for('home'))
    return render_template('register.html', form=form)

@app.route('/')
def home():
    return 'Home Page'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

<!-- templates/register.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Register</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Register</h1>
    <form method="POST" action="">
        {{ form.hidden_tag() }}
        <p>
            {{ form.username.label }}<br>
            {{ form.username(size=32) }}<br>
            {% for error in form.username.errors %}
                <span style="color: red;">[{{ error }}]</span><br>
            {% endfor %}
        </p>
        <p>
            {{ form.email.label }}<br>
            {{ form.email(size=32) }}<br>
            {% for error in form.email.errors %}
                <span style="color: red;">[{{ error }}]</span><br>
            {% endfor %}
        </p>
        <p>
            {{ form.password.label }}<br>
            {{ form.password(size=32) }}<br>
            {% for error in form.password.errors %}
                <span style="color: red;">[{{ error }}]</span><br>
            {% endfor %}
        </p>
        <p>
            {{ form.confirm_password.label }}<br>
            {{ form.confirm_password(size=32) }}<br>
            {% for error in form.confirm_password.errors %}
                <span style="color: red;">[{{ error }}]</span><br>
            {% endfor %}
        </p>
        <p>{{ form.submit() }}</p>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

from wtforms.validators import ValidationError

def validate_username(form, field):
    if ' ' in field.data:
        raise ValidationError('Username must not contain spaces')

class RegistrationForm(FlaskForm):
    username = StringField('Username', validators=[DataRequired(), validate_username])
    email = StringField('Email', validators=[DataRequired(), Email()])
    password = PasswordField('Password', validators=[DataRequired()])
    confirm_password = PasswordField('Confirm Password', validators=[DataRequired(), EqualTo('password')])
    submit = SubmitField('Sign Up')

import os
from flask import Flask, render_template, redirect, url_for, flash, session
from forms import InputForm

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = os.urandom(24)

@app.route('/input', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def input():
    form = InputForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        session['name'] = form.name.data
        session['email'] = form.email.data
        return redirect(url_for('output'))
    return render_template('input.html', form=form)

@app.route('/output')
def output():
    return render_template('output.html')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

from flask_wtf import FlaskForm
from wtforms import StringField, SubmitField
from wtforms.validators import DataRequired, Email

class InputForm(FlaskForm):
    name = StringField('Name', validators=[DataRequired()])
    email = StringField('Email', validators=[DataRequired(), Email()])
    submit = SubmitField('Submit')

{% extends "base.html" %}

{% block title %}
    <h1>WTForm: input</h1>
{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
    {% from "_formhelpers.html" import render_field %}
    <form method="POST" novalidate>
        {{ form.csrf_token }}
        {{ render_field(form.name) }}
        {{ render_field(form.email) }}
        <br />
        {{ form.submit() }}
    </form>
{% endblock %}

{% extends "base.html" %}

{% block title %}
    <h1>WTForm: output</h1>
{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
    <div>
        <ul>
            <li>name: {{ session['name'] }}</li>
            <li>email: {{ session['email'] }}</li>
        </ul>
        <p><a href="{{ url_for('input')}}">Back to input screen</a> </p>
    </div>
{% endblock %}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="ja">
    <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8">
        <title>Flask WTF Sample</title>
        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{{ url_for('static', filename='style.css') }}">
    </head>
    <body>
        {% block title %}Title{% endblock %}
        <hr />
        {% block content %}Content{% endblock %}
    </body>
</html>

{% macro render_field(field) %}
    <dt>{{ field.label }}
        <dd>{{ field(**kwargs)|safe }}
        {% if field.errors %}
            <ul style="color: red;">
                {% for error in field.errors %}
                    <li>{{ error }}</li>
                {% endfor %}
            </ul>
        {% endif %}
        </dd>
    </dt>
{% endmacro %}

@app.route('/input', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def input():
    form = InputForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        session['name'] = form.name.data
        session['email'] = form.email.data
        return redirect(url_for('output'))
    return render_template('input.html', form=form)

<form method="POST" novalidate>
    {{ form.csrf_token }}
    {{ render_field(form.name) }}
    {{ render_field(form.email) }}
    <br />
    {{ form.submit() }}
</form>

class InputForm(FlaskForm):
    name = StringField('Name', validators=[DataRequired()])
    email = StringField('Email', validators=[DataRequired(), Email()])
    submit = SubmitField('Submit')

{% macro render_field(field) %}
    <dt>{{ field.label }}
        <dd>{{ field(**kwargs)|safe }}
        {% if field.errors %}
            <ul style="color: red;">
                {% for error in field.errors %}
                    <li>{{ error }}</li>
                {% endfor %}
            </ul>
        {% endif %}
        </dd>
    </dt>
{% endmacro %}

# 仮想環境を作成しアクティブ化
conda create --name flask_env flask flask-sqlalchemy pymysql
conda activate flask_env

# HomebrewでMySQLをインストール
brew install mysql

# MySQLサーバーを起動
brew services start mysql

# MySQLに接続
mysql -u root -p
Enter password: <パスワードを入力>

# データベースとユーザーを作成
CREATE DATABASE flask_db;
CREATE USER 'flask_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON flask_db.* TO 'flask_user'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

mkdir flask_mysql_project
cd flask_mysql_project
touch app.py config.py models.py
mkdir templates
cd templates
touch index.html

# config.py
import os

class Config:
    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = 'mysql+pymysql://flask_user:password@localhost/flask_db'
    SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = False
    SECRET_KEY = os.urandom(24)

# models.py
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy

db = SQLAlchemy()

class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    username = db.Column(db.String(80), unique=True, nullable=False)
    email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True, nullable=False)

    def __repr__(self):
        return f'<User {self.username}>'

# app.py
from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect, url_for
from config import Config
from models import db, User

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_object(Config)
db.init_app(app)

@app.route('/')
def index():
    users = User.query.all()
    return render_template('index.html', users=users)

@app.route('/add', methods=['POST'])
def add_user():
    username = request.form['username']
    email = request.form['email']
    new_user = User(username=username, email=email)
    db.session.add(new_user)
    db.session.commit()
    return redirect(url_for('index'))

@app.route('/update/<int:id>', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def update_user(id):
    user = User.query.get(id)
    if request.method == 'POST':
        user.username = request.form['username']
        user.email = request.form['email']
        db.session.commit()
        return redirect(url_for('index'))
    return render_template('update.html', user=user)

@app.route('/delete/<int:id>')
def delete_user(id):
    user = User.query.get(id)
    if user:
        db.session.delete(user)
        db.session.commit()
    return redirect(url_for('index'))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    with app.app_context():
        db.create_all()
    app.run(debug=True)